20 ( 20 )
20X Alloy Steel — Stockist & Processor in India | Russian Metals
Overview
20X (GOST 20Х) is a chromium-alloy structural steel valued for its balanced strength, toughness, and machinability. It heat treats well (quench & temper), supports surface hardening (carburizing/nitriding), and offers reliable weldability with proper procedures. At Russian Metals, we maintain ready stock 20X steel round bars and semi-finished forms for fast delivery to OEMs and project contractors across India.
Overview of 2618 Aluminium Alloy
20X (GOST 20Х) is a chromium-alloy structural steel known for its balanced combination of strength, toughness, and excellent machinability. It heat-treats very well—responding effectively to quenching and tempering—and it also supports surface hardening processes like carburizing and nitriding when higher wear resistance is required. With appropriate welding procedures, 20X offers reliable weldability, making it suitable for complex, fabricated, or precision-machined components. At Russian Metals, we maintain ready stock of 20X steel in round bars, billets, and semi-finished forms, prepared for fast dispatch to OEMs, machining units, and project contractors across India
| Grade : | 20 ( 20 ) |
| Substitute: | 15, 25 |
| Classification : | High quality structural carbon steel |
Why Choose 20X for Your Project
Strength with toughness
Quenched-and-tempered 20X delivers high tensile/yield along with useful elongation for dynamic loads.
Surface hardenability
Compatible with carburizing/nitriding to achieve a hard, wear-resistant case with a tougher core.
Weldability & machinability
Good fabrication response; recommended preheat/interpass controls for thick sections.
Cost-effective alternative
Often replaces higher-alloy steels when design allows, reducing total part cost.
Typical Chemical Composition (indicative)
(Order-specific ranges confirmed on MTCs)
C: 0.17–0.23%
Si: 0.17–0.37%
Mn: 0.50–0.80%
Cr: 0.70–1.00%
Ni, Cu: ≤0.30% each (residual)
P, S: ≤0.035%
Chemical composition in % for grade 20 ( 20 )
| C | Si | Mn | Ni | S | P | Cr | Cu | As |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.17 - 0.24 | 0.17 - 0.37 | 0.35 - 0.65 | max 0.3 | max 0.04 | max 0.035 | max 0.25 | max 0.3 | max 0.08 |
Mechanical Properties (room temperature, representative)
(Vary by product size & heat treatment; ask for current MTC)
UTS: up to ~780 MPa (quenched & tempered small dia. bars)
YS (0.2%): ~430–635 MPa (condition-dependent)
Elongation (A5): ~11–25%
Hardness: ~163–229 HB (annealed to cold-worked ranges)
Forms, Sizes & “Ready Stock 20X Steel Round Bars”
Round Bars: 12–250 mm dia (black/peeled/ground) — Ready stock
Forgings: step shafts, rings, blocks
Plates/Sheets: normalized/annealed
Billets: for closed-die and open-die forging
Custom cuts: saw-cut, turning, facing, chamfering, rough-machined blanks
Temperature of critical points for grade 20 ( 20 ).
| Ac1 = 724 , Ac3(Acm) = 845 , Ar3(Arcm) = 815 , Ar1 = 682 |
Mechanical properties under Т=20oС for grade 20 ( 20 )
| Assortment | Dimension | Direct. | σB | σT | δ5 | ψ | KCU | Heat treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | (mm) | - | MPa | MPa | % | % | kJ/m² | - |
| Sheet heat-treatment, GOST 4041-71 | 4 - 14 | 340-490 | 35 | |||||
| Pipe hot strain, GOST 550-75 | 510 | 255 | 8 | |||||
| Pipe, GOST 8731-87 | 370 | 245 | 21 | 55 | Normalizing | |||
| Pipe, GOST 10705-80 | 372 | 225 | 225 | 45 | ||||
| Rolled stock, GOST 1050-88 | to 80 | 410 | 245 | 23 | 55 | |||
| Rolled stock annealed , GOST 1050-88 | 490 | 20 | ||||||
| Rolled stock annealed , GOST 1050-88 | 390 | |||||||
| Band annealed , GOST 2284-79 | 310-540 | |||||||
| Band cold-worked , GOST 2284-79 | 490-830 |
Applications
Automotive & powertrain: shafts, gears, axles, pins, hubs
Heavy engineering: spindles, couplings, worm screws, cogs
Oil & gas / hydraulics: sleeves, bushings, fittings
General machinery: fixtures, jigs, wear parts after surface hardening
Heat Treatment & Processing
Normalize / Anneal: for machinability & dimensional stability
Quench & Temper: target mechanical properties per drawing
Carburize / Nitrocarburize / Nitriding: high surface hardness and wear resistance
Welding: preheat recommended for thicker sections; controlled cooling
| Brinell hardness for 20 ( 20 ) (annealing) , GOST 1050-88 | HB 10 -1 = 163 MPa
| Brinell hardness for 20 ( 20 ) (cold-drawn, cold-worked) , GOST 1050-88 | HB 10 -1 = 207 MPa
| Brinell hardness for 20 ( 20 ) , Sheet GOST 4041-71 | HB 10 -1 = 127 MPa
| Brinell hardness for 20 ( 20 ) , Pipe GOST 550-75 | HB 10 -1 = 156 MPa
| Brinell hardness for 20 ( 20 ) , Pipe GOST 8731-87 | HB 10 -1 = 156 MPa
| Brinell hardness for 20 ( 20 ) , Sheet trick GOST 1577-93 | HB 10 -1 = 156 MPa
Close Relatives & Cross-Refs
Depending on standard/system, 20X (20Х) is commonly compared with low-Cr case-hardening steels (e.g., 20Cr/20Cr4/SCr420 families). Always verify chemistry & treatment path vs. your spec.
“Power 20x” — What It Means (Keyword Intent)
Power 20x in microscopy
“Power 20x” typically refers to 20× magnification used to examine steel microstructure (e.g., ferrite/pearlite, case depth after carburizing). We support microstructural validation (etching + photomicrographs) at 20×, 50×, 100× etc., on request.
Power components in 20X steel
For power-transmission components (gears/shafts), 20X with proper heat treat offers the strength and wear profile needed for long service life.
Why Russian Metals
Reliable inventory: Ready stock 20X steel round bars in popular diameters
Processing in-house: cut-to-length, turning, facing, rough machining
QC & documentation: EN 10204 3.1 MTCs, PMI, UT (on request)
Project support: fast RFQ turnaround, size substitution advice, mill schedules
Technological properties for grade 20 ( 20 )
| Weldability: | without limitations. |
| Flakes : | not predisposed |
| Temper brittleness: | not predisposed |
Physical properties for grade 20 ( 20 )
| T | E 10- 5 | α 10⁶ | λ | ρ | C | R 10⁹ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade | MPa | 1/Grade | Watt/(m·Grade) | kg/m3 | J/(kg·Grade) | Ohm·m |
| 20 | 2.13 | 52 | 7859||||
| 100 | 2.03 | 11.6 | 50.6 | 7834486 | 219 | |
| 200 | 1.99 | 12.6 | 48.6 | 7803 | 498292 | |
| 300 | 1.9 | 13.1 | 46.2 | 7770 | 514381 | |
| 400 | 1.82 | 13.6 | 42.8 | 7736 | 533487 | |
| 500 | 1.72 | 14.1 | 39.1 | 7699 | 555601 | |
| 600 | 1.6 | 14.6 | 35.8 | 7659 | 584758 | |
| 700 | 14.8 | 32 | 7617 | 636925 | ||
| 800 | 12.9 | 7624 | 7031094 | |||
| 900 | 7600 | 703 | 1135 | |||
| 1000 | 695 | 1140 | ||||
| T | E 10- 5 | α 10⁶ | λ | ρ | C | R 10⁹ |
Equivalent steels for grade 08KH18N10T ( 08Х18Н10Т )
Warning! Indicated both exact and nearest equivalents.
| USA | Germany | Japan | France | England | European | Italy | Belgium | Spain | China | Sweden | Bulgaria | Hungary | Poland | Romania | Czechia | Austria | Switzerland | South Korea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | DIN,WNr | JIS | AFNOR | BS | EN | UNI | NBN | UNE | GB | SS | BDS | MSZ | PN | STAS | CSN | AS | SNV | KS |
| 1020 1023 1024 G10200 G10230 H10200 M1020 M1023 | 1.0402 1.0405 1.1151 C22 C22E C22R Ck22 Cm22 Cq22 St35 St45-8 | S20C S20CK S22C STB410 STKM12A STKM12A-S STKM13B STKM13B-W | 1C22 2C22 AF42 AF42C20 C20 C22 C22E C25E XC15 XC18 XC25 | 050A20 055M15 070M20 070M26 1449-22CS 1449-22HS 1C22 22HS 430 C22 C22E | 1.0402 1.1151 1.1152 2C22 C20E2C C22 C22E | C18 C20 C21 C22 C22E C22R C25 C25E | C25-1 C25-2 | 1C22 C22 C25k F.112 F.1120 | 20 20G 20R 20Z | 1450 | 20 C22 C22E | A45.47 C22E | 20 K18 | OLC20 OLC20X | 12022 12024 | 1020 M1020 | Ck22 | SM20C SM20CK SM22C |
Types of delivery of grade 20 ( 20 )
- B03 - Metal forming treatment. Forgings
- В22 - Graded and shaped rolling
- B23 - Sheets and Strips
- B24 - Ribbons
- В32 - Graded and shaped rolling
- B33 - Sheets and Strips
- B34 - Ribbons
- В62 - Steel pipes and connecting parts to them
- В32 - В71 - Low-carbon steel wire
- В72 - Medium-high and high-carbon steel wire
- B76 - Metal nets
Specification
Mechanical properties :
σB - Tensile strength [MPa]
σT - Yield stress [MPa]
δ5 - Specific elongation at fracture [%]
ψ - Reduction of area [%]
KCU - Impact strength [kJ/m²]
HB - Brinell hardness [MPa]
Physical properties :
T - Test temperature [Grade]
E - Young modulus [MPa]
α - Coefficient of linear expansion (20° - T) [1/Grade]
λ - Thermal (heat) condition coefficient [Watt/(m·Grade)]
ρ - Density [kg/m³]
C - Specific heat (range 20° - T) [J/(kg·Grade)]
R - Electrical resistance [Ohm·m]
Why Russian Metals
Reliable inventory: Ready stock 20X steel round bars in popular diameters
Processing in-house: cut-to-length, turning, facing, rough machining
QC & documentation: EN 10204 3.1 MTCs, PMI, UT (on request)
Project support: fast RFQ turnaround, size substitution advice, mill schedules
Weldability :
without limitations - welding is done without heating and subsequent heat treeting
limited weldability - welding is possible under heating up to 100-120 grade and subsequent heat treeting
hard weldability - obtaining the quality welding needs the additional operations:heating up to 200-300 grade; the heat treeting ia annealing